SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Object Constraint Language</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Object Constraint Language</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>The <b>Object Constraint Language</b> (<b>OCL</b>) is a <a href="Declarative_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Declarative language">declarative language</a> describing rules applying to <a href="Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">Unified Modeling Language</a> (UML) models developed at <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and is now part of the UML standard. Initially, OCL was merely a formal specification language extension for UML.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCL may now be used with any <a href="Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">Meta-Object Facility</a> (MOF) <a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> (OMG) <a href="Meta-model" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-model">meta-model</a>, including UML.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Object Constraint Language is a precise text language that provides constraint and object query expressions on any MOF model or meta-model that cannot otherwise be expressed by diagrammatic notation. OCL is a key component of the new OMG standard recommendation for transforming models, the Queries/Views/Transformations (<a href="QVT" title="QVT">QVT</a>) specification.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>OCL is a descendant of <a href="Syntropy_(Software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntropy (Software)">Syntropy</a>, a second-generation object-oriented analysis and design method. The OCL 1.4 definition specified a constraint language. In OCL 2.0, the definition has been extended to include general object query language definitions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOLDOC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOLDOC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>OCL statements are constructed in four parts:

</p>

<ol><li>a context that defines the limited situation in which the statement is valid</li>

<li>a property that represents some characteristics of the context (e.g., if the context is a class, a property might be an attribute)</li>

<li>an operation (e.g., arithmetic, set-oriented) that manipulates or qualifies a property, and</li>

<li>keywords (e.g., if, then, else, and, or, not, implies) that are used to specify conditional expressions.</li></ol>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation">Relation</h2></div>

<p>OCL supplements UML by providing expressions that have neither the ambiguities of natural language nor the inherent difficulty of using complex mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOLDOC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOLDOC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OCL is also a navigation language for graph-based models.

</p>

<p>OCL makes a <a href="Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">Meta-Object Facility</a> model more precise by associating assertions with its meta-elements.

</p>

<p>Of particular importance to <a href="Model_Driven_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Model Driven Engineering">Model Driven Engineering</a> (MDE) or <a href="Model-driven_architecture" title="Model-driven architecture">model-driven architecture</a> is the notion of <a href="Model_transformation" title="Model transformation">Model transformation</a>. The <a href="Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a> has defined a specific standard for model transformation called <b>MOF/QVT</b> or in short <a href="QVT" title="QVT">QVT</a>. Several model transformation languages like <a href="GReAT" title="GReAT">GReAT</a>, <a href="VIATRA" title="VIATRA">VIATRA</a>, or <a href="Tefkat" title="Tefkat">Tefkat</a> are presently available, with different levels of compliance with the QVT standard. Many of these languages are built on top of OCL, which is the main part of the <a href="QVT" title="QVT">QVT</a>-compliance.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2></div>

<p>Being a rule-based validation language, <a href="Schematron" title="Schematron">Schematron</a> may be considered an alternative to OCL. However Schematron works for Extensible Markup Language <a href="XML_tree" title="XML tree">(XML) trees</a> while OCL makes it possible to navigate <a href="Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">MOF</a>-based models and meta-models (i.e. XML Metadata Interchange (<a href="XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XMI</a>) trees). In other words, OCL relates to UML or MOF similarly to how Schematron relates to <a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a>. (Note that Schematron uses <a href="XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a> to navigate inside the XML trees.)<br>Being a model specification language permitting designers to decorate a model or a meta-model with side-effect-free annotations, OCL could be replaced by languages like <a href="Alloy_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Alloy language">Alloy</a>. Automated OCL generation is in principle possible from natural language.<sup id="cite_ref-NL2OCL_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NL2OCL-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption>Examples

</caption>

<th>Constraint

</th>

<th>OCL Equivalent

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>The age of a person is not negative.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: self.age >=0</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>A person is younger than its parents.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: self.parents->forAll(p|p.age>self.age)</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>After a birthday, a person becomes one year older.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person::hasBirthday() <b>post</b>: self.age=self.age@pre+1</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>A Person has 2 parents at max.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: self.parents->size()<=2</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>After somebody has a child, his/her child-set is not empty, and it is larger than before.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person::getsChild() <b>post</b>: self.childs->notEmpty() and self.childs->size() > self.childs@pre->size()</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Only an adult can be owner of a car.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: self.age<18 <b>implies</b> self.cars->isEmpty()</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>The first registration of a car can not be before it is built.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Auto <b>inv</b>: self.registration>=self.constructionYear</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Every Person that has a car has at least one car which is younger than the Person.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: self.cars->notEmpty() <b>implies</b> self.cars->exists( c | <b>Calendar.YEAR</b> - c.constructionYear < self.age)</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Nobody can be his/her own parent.

</td>

<td><code><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: self.parents->excludes(self)</code>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>There's at least one Person which owns a car.

</td>

<td><code style="white-space: nowrap"><b>context</b> Person <b>inv</b>: Person.allInstances()->exists(p | p.cars->size() > 0)</code>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><br>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions">Extensions</h2></div>

<p>Eclipse OCL <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extends Standard OCL with additional operators and a type for Maps. AgileUML extends Standard OCL with Map and Function types.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These extensions are consistent with the map and function types present in modern programming languages such as Python and Swift.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Computer_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer model">Computer model</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_mapping" title="Data mapping">Data mapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Domain_Specific_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain Specific Language">Domain Specific Language</a> (DSL)</li>

<li><a href="Domain-specific_modelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain-specific modelling">Domain-specific modelling</a> (DSM)</li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060407092135/http://www.eclipse.org/gmt/">GMT Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Gello_Expression_Language" title="Gello Expression Language">Gello Expression Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_terms" title="Glossary of Unified Modeling Language terms">Glossary of Unified Modeling Language terms</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_UML_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UML tools">List of UML tools</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta-modeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-modeling">Meta-modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta-modeling_technique" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-modeling technique">Meta-modeling technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">Meta-Object Facility</a> (MOF)</li>

<li><a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li>

<li><a href="Model-based_testing" title="Model-based testing">Model-based testing</a> (MBT)</li>

<li><a href="Model-driven_architecture" title="Model-driven architecture">Model-driven architecture</a> (MDA)</li>

<li><a href="Model_Driven_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Model Driven Engineering">Model Driven Engineering</a> (MDE)</li>

<li><a href="Model_Transformation_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Model Transformation Language">Model Transformation Language</a> (MTL)</li>

<li><a href="Modeling_language" title="Modeling language">Modeling language</a></li>

<li><a href="Modeling_perspectives" class="mw-redirect" title="Modeling perspectives">Modeling perspectives</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_analysis_and_design" title="Object-oriented analysis and design">Object-oriented analysis and design</a> (OOAD)</li>

<li><a href="QVT" title="QVT">MOF Queries/Views/Transformations</a> (QVT)</li>

<li><a href="Semantic_translation" title="Semantic translation">Semantic translation</a></li>

<li><a href="Transformation_language" title="Transformation language">Transformation language</a> (TL)</li>

<li><a href="Vocabulary-based_transformation" title="Vocabulary-based transformation">Vocabulary-based transformation</a></li>

<li><a href="XML_transformation_language" title="XML transformation language">XML transformation language</a> (XTL)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Object Management Group (OMG); <i>Object Constraint Language Specification</i>, Chapter 7 of <i>OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification</i>, Version 1.3, March 2000 (first edition)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Object Management Group (OMG); <i>Object Constraint Language OMG Available Specification Version 2.0</i>, May 2006</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="citation foldoc">This article is based on material taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foldoc.org/Object+Constraint+Language">Object+Constraint+Language</a> at the <i><a href="Free_On-line_Dictionary_of_Computing" title="Free On-line Dictionary of Computing">Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</a></i> prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the "relicensing" terms of the <a href="GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>, version 1.3 or later.</span></span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFImran_Sarwar_Bajwa2010" class="citation journal cs1">Imran Sarwar Bajwa (October 2010). "OCL Constraints Generation from Natural Language Specification, 2010". <a href="IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FEDOC.2010.33">10.1109/EDOC.2010.33</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7495256">7495256</a>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/modeling.mdt.ocl">"Eclipse OCL™ (Object Constraint Language)"</a>. 31 January 2013.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLanoKolahdouz-Rahimi2021" class="citation book cs1">Lano, Kevin; Kolahdouz-Rahimi, Shekoufeh (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-89247-0_8">"Extending OCL with Map and Function Types"</a>. <i>Fundamentals of Software Engineering</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 12818. pp. <span class="nowrap">108–</span>123. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-89247-0_8">10.1007/978-3-030-89247-0_8</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-030-89246-3</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239029860">239029860</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omg.org/spec/OCL/">OMG OCL specification</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-st.inf.tu-dresden.de/ocl/">OCL Portal - The center for OCL related information</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/ocl.html">OCL page of Computer Science Dept. of CSUSB</a> (brief OCL 2.0 syntax)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octopus.sourceforge.net/">Octopus: OCL Tool for Precise Uml Specifications</a> (OCL checker)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121225102952/http://www.dresden-ocl.org/index.php/DresdenOCL">Dresden OCL Toolkit</a> (OCL Toolkit, various OCL related publications)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brucker.ch/projects/hol-ocl/">HOL-OCL</a> (An interactive theorem proof environment for OCL, various OCL related publications)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220003552/http://www.parlezuml.com/tutorials/umlforjava/java_ocl.pdf">OCL for Java tutorial on ParlezUML</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eclipse.org/articles/article.php?file=Article-EMF-Codegen-with-OCL/index.html">Article on using EMF's OCL in Java code</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060831031409/http://www.cetus-links.org/oo_uml.html">UML link page on cetus-links.org</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/useocl/">USE (UML-based Specification Environment)</a> (OCL Tool for model validation, various OCL related publications)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://modeling-languages.com/ocl-tutorial/">OCL tutorial</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=5630350/">NL2OCL</a> (OCL Tool for invariant generation from NL)</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Query_languages54" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Query_languages54" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Query_language" title="Query language">Query languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In current use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Alpha_(programming_language)" title="Alpha (programming language)">ALPHA</a></li>

<li><a href="Cypher_(query_language)" title="Cypher (query language)">Cypher</a></li>

<li><a href="Datalog" title="Datalog">Datalog</a></li>

<li><a href="GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li>

<li><a href="Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">Graph Query Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Gremlin_(query_language)" title="Gremlin (query language)">Gremlin</a></li>

<li><a href="SMILES_arbitrary_target_specification" title="SMILES arbitrary target specification">SMARTS</a></li>

<li><a href="SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li>

<li><a href="XQuery" title="XQuery">XQuery</a></li>

<li><a href="XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superseded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CODASYL" title="CODASYL">CODASYL</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Organization_for_Standardization_(ISO)_standards364" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="International_Organization_for_Standardization_(ISO)_standards364" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) standards</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ISO/IEC_27000_family" title="ISO/IEC 27000 family">27000 series</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Object_Constraint_Language&oldid=1282302712">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>